Dear all,
Welcome.
Welcome.
Around thirty years back, biological sciences author, Russel Carson, had wrote a book titled, "Silent Spring" wherein, a dreadly picture of a city subjected to aftermath was picturesqued. During that time, it was felt that it is an imagination & it would not be possible. But just few days after it, USA's Detroit city's locale were subjected to a typical rain, due to which the clothes left for drying got burnt. The persons on whom it fell cried.
After investigation, it was found that it was acid of sulphur. The chimneys of factories got so polluted that it reacted with clouds and resulted in such rain. During 1979, Italy's city, Sevoso, also witnessed what had been narrated in the book. One day people felt that something is wrong with foul odour prevailing in the air. After checking, it was found that a nearby factory manufactures Trichloro phenol. On one such day, it emanated smoke and surrounded the city. This made the air temperature rise to 200 deg C and Dioxin got formed, which spread in the entire city.
Also during 1984, Methyl Iso cyanide (MIC) gas got released from Union Carbide's premises at Bhopal.
After analysis, it is found that due to industrial revolution, forests are cut, mechanised saws are invented for the purpose. During the decade between 50s & 90s, around half of the forest area world wide was cut. This had caused imbalance in nature. The forest produce provides us with fuel, fodder, flowers, herbs, wood, paper, rubber, cotton, lax, fruits and various other chemicals. It had resulted in their exploitation but earth is getting bereft of forests. The value of a tree can be gauged by the fact that it gives profit worth 16 lakhs INR. It prevents soil erosion by holding it with it's root. It is to note that every year, soil erosion amounts to around 600 crores tonnes of soil.
Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) magazine, Kheti, editor narrates in his article that as per UN statistics, around 8-12 sq. kms of forest are cut every hour in developing countries. The Scientist call earth as Green Planet. But due to rapid development, around 20-30,000 varieties of plant species had become extinct. By the end of century, it would amount to 50,000 species. Along with it, around 10-12 biological species would also become extinct.
Environment is affected mostly by forests. The air, water, soil, temperature etc are affected due to it. The tapered plant species are found on hills at 5000 m above mean sea level. Along with it, trees with spreading leaves are found. The Sal species of trees are more arid and cold as compared to other species and the region is having abundant water. Likewise, due to snow covered Himalayas, rivers are always filled with water. But other rivers whose origin is not from snowy hills, it is due to water absorbing capacity of forests. Hence, forest & snow comprise two chief sources of water.
Besides Sal forest, it is rich in bauxite mineral. It's mining had caused adverse effect on forest. Also, plantation of Eucalyptus had resulted in drying of water sources.
The chlorophyll present in leaves along with light convert Carbon dioxide into Oxygen. It has a fixed ratio in the air. But if forests are cut, such balance is disturbed. Industrialization can be stated to be source of such imbalance. The transportation in air and sea had resulted in enormous amount of Carbon dioxide, which covers the earth. Due to it, the earth's temperature rises. This phenomenon is known as Green House effect. By the next century, the amount of Carbon dioxide would be doubled. Due to it, polar ice caps temperature would rise. This would cause melting of snow and cause flood during summer and during the period of no rain, the rivers would get dried. This would cause underground water level to fall down. This would result in less water accumulation in dams further resulting in stoppage of electricity generation.
The Chipko movement led by S.Bahuguna had expressed that the development is being done at the cost of nature's exploitation . Along with Europe's industrial revolution, human relations had undergone basic changes. The luxury had been the target of development. It is based upon the exploitation of developing countries by rich countries. The wealth and power is centred towards city. Therefore, such development is not in tandem with those living in harmony with nature.
Various projects like Tehri's dam,being built by displacing of 70,000 people, would create regional imbalance thereby causing damage to the environment.
As per M.K.Gandhi, the Earth is capable of providing for sustenance of every one but not for any one's greed.
Ministry of Environment & forest(MoEF) was constituted on November 1, 1980. Ex-PM, Indira Gandhi, had stated that there is no infight between Environment protection and development. We could keep forest based paper industries along with forest. The requirement is that no. of trees planted should outnumber the trees cut. Also, the forest development and industrial development projects should be made carefully.
Besides cleaner forms of technologies, carbon credit schemes had come into effect. Under Carbon credit schemes, the companies could take such credits for reduction of Carbon based gases in a fixed time frame. Now, Airports would be charging for planes flying over them for such emission of gases.
With regards,
After investigation, it was found that it was acid of sulphur. The chimneys of factories got so polluted that it reacted with clouds and resulted in such rain. During 1979, Italy's city, Sevoso, also witnessed what had been narrated in the book. One day people felt that something is wrong with foul odour prevailing in the air. After checking, it was found that a nearby factory manufactures Trichloro phenol. On one such day, it emanated smoke and surrounded the city. This made the air temperature rise to 200 deg C and Dioxin got formed, which spread in the entire city.
Also during 1984, Methyl Iso cyanide (MIC) gas got released from Union Carbide's premises at Bhopal.
After analysis, it is found that due to industrial revolution, forests are cut, mechanised saws are invented for the purpose. During the decade between 50s & 90s, around half of the forest area world wide was cut. This had caused imbalance in nature. The forest produce provides us with fuel, fodder, flowers, herbs, wood, paper, rubber, cotton, lax, fruits and various other chemicals. It had resulted in their exploitation but earth is getting bereft of forests. The value of a tree can be gauged by the fact that it gives profit worth 16 lakhs INR. It prevents soil erosion by holding it with it's root. It is to note that every year, soil erosion amounts to around 600 crores tonnes of soil.
Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) magazine, Kheti, editor narrates in his article that as per UN statistics, around 8-12 sq. kms of forest are cut every hour in developing countries. The Scientist call earth as Green Planet. But due to rapid development, around 20-30,000 varieties of plant species had become extinct. By the end of century, it would amount to 50,000 species. Along with it, around 10-12 biological species would also become extinct.
Environment is affected mostly by forests. The air, water, soil, temperature etc are affected due to it. The tapered plant species are found on hills at 5000 m above mean sea level. Along with it, trees with spreading leaves are found. The Sal species of trees are more arid and cold as compared to other species and the region is having abundant water. Likewise, due to snow covered Himalayas, rivers are always filled with water. But other rivers whose origin is not from snowy hills, it is due to water absorbing capacity of forests. Hence, forest & snow comprise two chief sources of water.
Besides Sal forest, it is rich in bauxite mineral. It's mining had caused adverse effect on forest. Also, plantation of Eucalyptus had resulted in drying of water sources.
The chlorophyll present in leaves along with light convert Carbon dioxide into Oxygen. It has a fixed ratio in the air. But if forests are cut, such balance is disturbed. Industrialization can be stated to be source of such imbalance. The transportation in air and sea had resulted in enormous amount of Carbon dioxide, which covers the earth. Due to it, the earth's temperature rises. This phenomenon is known as Green House effect. By the next century, the amount of Carbon dioxide would be doubled. Due to it, polar ice caps temperature would rise. This would cause melting of snow and cause flood during summer and during the period of no rain, the rivers would get dried. This would cause underground water level to fall down. This would result in less water accumulation in dams further resulting in stoppage of electricity generation.
The Chipko movement led by S.Bahuguna had expressed that the development is being done at the cost of nature's exploitation . Along with Europe's industrial revolution, human relations had undergone basic changes. The luxury had been the target of development. It is based upon the exploitation of developing countries by rich countries. The wealth and power is centred towards city. Therefore, such development is not in tandem with those living in harmony with nature.
Various projects like Tehri's dam,being built by displacing of 70,000 people, would create regional imbalance thereby causing damage to the environment.
As per M.K.Gandhi, the Earth is capable of providing for sustenance of every one but not for any one's greed.
Ministry of Environment & forest(MoEF) was constituted on November 1, 1980. Ex-PM, Indira Gandhi, had stated that there is no infight between Environment protection and development. We could keep forest based paper industries along with forest. The requirement is that no. of trees planted should outnumber the trees cut. Also, the forest development and industrial development projects should be made carefully.
Besides cleaner forms of technologies, carbon credit schemes had come into effect. Under Carbon credit schemes, the companies could take such credits for reduction of Carbon based gases in a fixed time frame. Now, Airports would be charging for planes flying over them for such emission of gases.
With regards,
M.K.Pachraiya
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